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柳葉刀:表觀遺傳機制可影響肥胖相關疾病風險
【字體: 大 中 小 】 時間:2014年03月14日 來源:生物通
編輯推薦:
2014年3月13日,著名醫學雜志《柳葉刀》(The Lancet)發表了目前最大的一項表觀基因組范圍關聯研究(epigenome-wide association studies,EWAS),該研究發現了一種新的表觀遺傳機制,可能在介導一些超重不良影響(如糖尿病)的過程中,發揮重要的作用。
生物通報道:2014年3月13日,著名醫學雜志《柳葉刀》(The Lancet)發表了目前最大的一項表觀基因組范圍關聯研究(epigenome-wide association studies,EWAS),該研究發現了一種新的表觀遺傳機制,可能在介導一些超重不良影響(如糖尿病)的過程中,發揮重要的作用。
本研究的負責人、萊斯特大學心臟病教授Nilesh Samani指出:“肥胖會增加心臟病、糖尿病、癌癥和許多其它的問題,但是我們對于肥胖增加這種風險的機制還知之甚少。基因只能解釋一部分。DNA變異或環境因素(如飲食、壓力和接觸化學物質)所引起的表觀遺傳變化,能夠影響基因的作用方式(開啟和關閉),也可能影響疾病的易感性。”表觀遺傳變化可引起一些疾病,如:表觀遺傳學變異或可解釋慢性腎病。
在這項研究中,Samani及其同事著眼于身體質量指數(body mass index,BMI)有關的DNA表觀遺傳變化,BMI是一種被廣泛使用的肥胖衡量尺度。研究人員還檢測了DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)——一種特殊類型的表觀遺傳變化。DNA甲基化涉及到DNA上的特定位置(稱為胞嘧啶堿基),由甲基化化學基團修飾。
研究人員從459名歐洲血統的人身上采集了全血DNA樣本,在基因組范圍內的超過351,000個位點上,利用基因芯片技術檢測甲基化水平,并確定了5個位點,這些位點的甲基化水平與BMI有關。
然后,研究人員在另外兩組歐洲血統患者中驗證了這些結果。結果證實,位于HIF3A基因附近的3個甲基化位點(cg22891070、cg27146050和cg166772562)與BMI之間具有密切的聯系,表明這是一個真正與重量變化相關的DNA修飾。
研究人員發現,在最顯著的位點(cg22891070)的甲基化每增加10%,BMI就會增加3.6%。相比之下,一個已知肥胖風險基因FTO的等位基因,可引起BMI較為溫和的增加。
他們繼續表明,在一組女性雙胞胎脂肪組織(直接與肥胖相關的組織)的DNA中,HIF3A基因位點上的甲基化變化也與BMI有關,但是來自皮膚組織的DNA卻沒有這種相關性。進一步的研究表明,HIF3A的甲基化變化,可能是體重增加的一個結果,而不是原因。
Samani教授指出:“關于HIF3A甲基化和BMI之間關系的發現,讓我們相當意外。HIF3A是缺氧誘導因子(hypoxia inducible factor,HIF)的一個組成部分,這個蛋白能夠感知細胞中的氧含量,并試圖通過影響許多基因的表達來彌補低水平。這很明顯,當某人變得更加肥胖時,HIF3A甲基化也會日益發生改變,這帶出了一種可能性——HIF可能也參與介導超重的一些不良影響。”
他總結道:“還需要進一步的研究來了解,肥胖如何以及何時影響HIF3A甲基化,以及后果是什么,但是最終這些結果可能會帶來新的療法,可以解決肥胖對健康的不良影響。在更廣泛的層面上,我們的研究表明,DNA表觀遺傳變異可能揭示參與常見疾病的新機制。”
埃克塞特大學的Therese Murphy和Jonathan Mill在一篇評論中這樣寫道:“這項研究代表了肥胖相關研究和表觀遺傳流行病學的一個重要進展。BMI是人口表觀遺傳學研究的一個很好的表型:它是在大多數陣列研究中定期收集的一個精確測量值。表觀遺傳學分析新工具的廣泛使用,意味著根據相似方法在遺傳學中取得的成果,我們也能進行大型協作EWAS元分析。是否EWAS在其它臨床表型——尤其是在更難接近的組織例如大腦中表型一樣成功,還是更為直接地受混雜因素如細胞異質性、環境暴露和藥物影響,還有待于研究。”(生物通:王英)
生物通推薦原文摘要:
DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis
Summary
Background
Obesity is a major health problem that is determined by interactions between lifestyle and environmental and genetic factors. Although associations between several genetic variants and body-mass index (BMI) have been identified, little is known about epigenetic changes related to BMI. We undertook a genome-wide analysis of methylation at CpG sites in relation to BMI.
Methods
479 individuals of European origin recruited by the Cardiogenics Consortium formed our discovery cohort. We typed their whole-blood DNA with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. After quality control, methylation levels were tested for association with BMI. Methylation sites showing an association with BMI at a false discovery rate q value of 0•05 or less were taken forward for replication in a cohort of 339 unrelated white patients of northern European origin from the MARTHA cohort. Sites that remained significant in this primary replication cohort were tested in a second replication cohort of 1789 white patients of European origin from the KORA cohort. We examined whether methylation levels at identified sites also showed an association with BMI in DNA from adipose tissue (n=635) and skin (n=395) obtained from white female individuals participating in the MuTHER study. Finally, we examined the association of methylation at BMI-associated sites with genetic variants and with gene expression.
Findings
20 individuals from the discovery cohort were excluded from analyses after quality-control checks, leaving 459 participants. After adjustment for covariates, we identified an association (q value ≤0•05) between methylation at five probes across three different genes and BMI. The associations with three of these probes—cg22891070, cg27146050, and cg16672562, all of which are in intron 1 of HIF3A—were confirmed in both the primary and second replication cohorts. For every 0•1 increase in methylation β value at cg22891070, BMI was 3•6% (95% CI 2•4—4•9) higher in the discovery cohort, 2•7% (1•2—4•2) higher in the primary replication cohort, and 0•8% (0•2—1•4) higher in the second replication cohort. For the MuTHER cohort, methylation at cg22891070 was associated with BMI in adipose tissue (p=1•72 × 10−5) but not in skin (p=0•882). We observed a significant inverse correlation (p=0•005) between methylation at cg22891070 and expression of one HIF3A gene-expression probe in adipose tissue. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms—rs8102595 and rs3826795—had independent associations with methylation at cg22891070 in all cohorts. However, these single nucleotide polymorphisms were not significantly associated with BMI.
Interpretation
Increased BMI in adults of European origin is associated with increased methylation at the HIF3A locus in blood cells and in adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that perturbation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor pathways could have an important role in the response to increased weight in people.